China's Political System
The Constitutional System
The fundamental law of the state. The current constitution was adopted by the 5th National People’s Congress on December 4, 1982.
The System of People's Congress
China’s fundamental political system; an organizational form for the state power.
The National People’s Congress (NPC) is the highest authority of state power while local people’s congresses are the local authorities. Both authorities are elected by the people.
The Party in Power
The Communist Party. Founded in 1921, the Communist Party of China (CPC) established the People’s Republic of China in 1949.
The System of Multi-Party Cooperation and Political Consultation
The CPC is the only power in the People’s Republic of China, but the eight other political parties may take part in state affairs under the recognized leadership of the CPC.
The Central Administrative System
Composed of the central administrative organs under the National People’s Congress and the central administrative organs’ leadership over local administrative organs.
Central administrative organ: State Council of the People’s Republic of China
Highest administrative organ of the state: State Council
The Local Administrative System
Makes local administration possible by establishing administrative regional divisions and local administrative organs.
The System of the Head of State
The head of state is the President of the People’s Republic of China. The term lasts five years and no more than two consecutive terms can be served. Duties include various domestic powers as well as handling foreign affairs.
The System of Civil Servant
Civil servants are those that instigate power in state administrative organs. Duties include the execution of laws and public services.
The Election System
How citizens choose the state’s public servants. Includes the peoples’ right to vote and stand for election, function of the powers that oversee the election, procedures of direct and indirect election, election expenditure and punishment of violations.
The System of Self-Government of Ethnic Autonomous Areas
Areas heavily populated with ethnic minorities are managed by self-government under national leadership. The administrative status of these areas is determined by size and population.
Autonomous regions are equal to provinces, autonomous prefectures are equal to prefectural-level cities, and autonomous counties are equal to counties.
Special Administrative Regions
When needed, the state establishes special administrative regions according to the law enacted by the National People’s Congress.
The political system includes a chief executive, administrative organs, a legislative council, and judicial organs.
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